NATO at 75: Evolution, Expansion, and Strategic Implications for Global Security

This paper explores how NATO has transformed from a Cold-War-type defence alliance to a multipurpose international security organization, adjusting both legal frameworks and strategic doctrine to new challenges such as cyber warfare, counterterrorism action or growing Chinese influence. NATO, in marking its 75th anniversary, is steadfast in its commitment to global security by a combination of traditional defence with new responsibilities. At the center of this shift is NATO's extension to the east (the third wave of enlargement, comprising the Baltic States as well as Finland and Sweden), which has led to a marked deterioration in relations with Russia. Nevertheless, while the expansion of NATO has been summarized as a topic of concern (history and memory in NATO enlargement 2014), the full scale consequences of this enlarged defence reality on European security and a balance power for Eastern Europe has not yet executed fully enlightened. The research aims to addresses central issues on both sides regarding NATO's possible enlargement and its likely implications for European and strategic stability with Russia, as well as important insights into the changing character of the alliance in an increasingly complex global security environment.