Histopathological Spectrum of Ovarian Lesions: A Retrospective Analysisin a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Ovarian lesions encompass a wide spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions. As ovariesare a common site for both benign and malignant tumors, histopathological evaluation plays a vital role in diag-nosis, management, and prognosis.Aim: This study aims to analyze the histopathological spectrum of ovarian lesions in a tertiary care center, focus-ing on their distribution and frequency across age groups.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Netaji Subhas medical Collegeand Hospital, Amhara, Bihta, Patna, Bihar. A total of 94 ovarian specimens with Histo-pathologically provenlesions were included. Data were collected, reviewed, and analyzed for clinical and histopathological correlationusing SPSS version 27.0.Results: Non-neoplastic lesions were the most common (68.1%), particularly in younger women. Benign tumors(13.8%) peaked in the 41-50 years age group, while malignant tumors (7.4%) were most frequent in women aged61-70 years. Surface epithelial tumors dominated the neoplastic lesions, with serous tumors being the most com-mon (59.2%). Among germ cell tumors, mature teratomas accounted for 80%, whereas immature teratomas con-tributed 20%.Conclusion: The study highlights the predominance of non-neoplastic ovarian lesions in reproductive-age womenand the increasing incidence of malignancy in older women. Surface epithelial tumors, especially serous tumors,are the most frequent neoplastic lesions. Histopathological examination remains the cornerstone for accurate di-agnosis and management. The findings emphasize the importance of early detection and screening programs,particularly for postmenopausal women, to improve patient outcomes.