Iterative finite element method for determining Young's modulus of optical glass at high temperatures

Accurate determination of Young's modulus E of optical glass at high temperatures is crucial for optimizing precision glass molding processes. To address the challenge of measuring E for low‐ T g glass M‐FDS2 above its softening point T s , this study proposes an iterative finite element method (i‐FEM) integrating the creep‐compression test (CCT) and impulse excitation technique (IET). The i‐FEM framework iteratively corrects E at molding temperature T m by minimizing discrepancies between FEM simulations and experimental CCT data, achieving a significant reduction in lens profile prediction errors. This approach provides a technical reference for high‐temperature material characterization applicable to glasses and viscoelastic polymers.