Theoretically extends negative temperature equilibrium states to the Bose-Einstein regime, revealing new properties.
We report the observation of classical light thermalization to the negative temperature Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) equilibrium states. We extend theoretically these equilibrium states to the Bose-Einstein quantum regime (BE) through the analysis of the thermodynamic properties.
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Zanaglia et al. (2025) studied this question.
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