Combined Effects of Lighting and Natural Elements on Stress, Depression, and Anxiety of Shift Healthcare Staff

Background: The design of the healthcare environment significantly influences the psychological well-being and job satisfaction of medical staff. However, the combined effects of indoor lighting and natural elements—particularly within nursing stations—remain underexplored. Objective: This study investigates the integrated design of lighting and biophilic elements in nursing stations to enhance staff well-being and work performance. Methods: A mixed-method approach was employed, including controlled environmental experiments, standardized questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. The study was conducted in the hepatology inpatient department of a general hospital in Southwest China. Results: Findings indicate that an illumination level of 300 lux combined with indoor plants yielded the highest satisfaction among staff, promoting improved psychological states and reduced perceived stress. Conclusions: The integrated environmental design of lighting and natural elements can serve as an effective strategy for reducing occupational stress and enhancing the healing environment. These findings offer valuable insights for architects and designers involved in healthcare facility planning.