Temperature Effects on Precision Resistors: A Review of Methods for Determining Temperature and Load Coefficients, Their Advantages, Limitations and Results

The electrical resistance of precision resistors is affected by temperature due to two main factors: ambient temperature changes and self-heating from power dissipation. The first factor is quantified by the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), which indicates how much the resistance varies with temperature. The second factor, known as the load coefficient or load effect, measures the change in resistance caused by the resistor heating up as it dissipates power due to the current flowing through it. This review examines various methods used to determine temperature and load coefficients, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and the results observed in different studies. Furthermore, the review discusses key findings from past research, comparing the reliability and consistency of different approaches.