Comparative Analysis of Different Feeding Techniques and Different Substrates on the Performance of 5G Micro-strip Patch Antenna

Wireless communication is evolving rapidly to meet growing demands for higher data rates and seamless connectivity, especially with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). Among the latest advancements, 5G technology stands out by enabling ultra-fast data transmission, high capacity, and efficient spectrum utilization through millimeter-wave frequencies. This study presents a comparative analysis of six Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) designed for 5G applications, addressing the challenge of limited spaceand increasing performance demands. The novelty of this work lies in the evaluation of how substrate materials and feeding techniques influence MPA performance, providing insights not thoroughly addressed in prior research. The antennas were designed using three substrates1:FR-4 (εr = 4.4), 2-Rogers RT5880 (εr = 2.2), and 3-Taconic RF-35TC (εr =3.5), and two feeding techniques: Microstrip line feed and coaxial probe feed. All antennas were tuned to resonate at 38 GHz, suitable for 5G millimeter-wave applications. Feeding technique also significantly affects impedance matching and Gain.It is found out that using Roggers RT Duroid 5880 substrate with Microstrip feedline technique provides the highest gain whereas the largest bandwidth is achieved using coaxial feed with FR4 substrate.A quarter-wave transformer was additionally implemented for optimal impedance matching between the source and antenna. The findings guide substrate and feed selection in compact 5G antenna designs.