Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Mexican Indigenous Groups

Objective. To describe the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular risk factors in the Indigenous populations of Northwest Mexico. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Indigenous and rural Mestizo populations of Northwest Mexico, including Coras, Huicholes, Mexicaneros, Tarahumaras, and Tepehuanos, and Mestizos. Obesity was defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. The following cardiovascular risk factors were considered: high waist circumference, hyperglycemia or previous diagnosis of diabetes, elevated blood pressure or previous diagnosis of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C. Results. A total of 472 subjects were enrolled in the study, including Mestizos (n = 48), Coras (n = 73), Huicholes (n = 93), Mexicaneros (n = 74), Tarahumaras (n = 81), and Tepehuanos (n = 103). The prevalence of obesity in the overall population was 11.2%, while specifically in Mestizos, Coras, Huicholes, Mexicaneros, Tarahumaras, and Tepehuanos it was 35%, 18%, 7.5%, 9.4%, 7.4%, and 1.9%, respectively. According to the presence of diabetes, the prevalence in the total population was 3.8%, which in Mestizos, Coras, Huicholes, Mexicaneros, Tarahumaras, and Tepehuanos was 2.0%, 7.8%, 0.0%, 4.0%, 9.8%, and 0.0%, respectively. Regarding hypertension, the prevalence in the overall population was 12.7, whilst in Mestizos, Coras, Huicholes, Mexicaneros, Tarahumaras, and Tepehuanos was 39%, 11.8%, 8.6%, 9.4%, 18.5%, and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusion. Our results revealed that Mexican Indigenous groups exhibit a high prevalence of obesity and hypertension, as well as high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C.