Morphofunctional Structure of Thimus in Children in Different Regions

Today one of the most important problems for researchers is the study of morphology, physiology and pathology of the immune system, which is primarily related to the demands of clinical medicine. New environmental, social and other factors have also begun to have a significant impact on the human body. The thymus gland, being an endocrine gland, plays a major role in the formation of the child's body. The aim of the study is to determine the structure of the thymus gland in children in different regions. We have studied the structure (macromicroscopic picture) of thymus in 39 cadavers of children. Methods of research: anatomical methods (dissection, weighing, measuring); histological methods (staining with hemotoxylineosin, Van-Gieson). For histomorphologic study, pieces of thymus tissue were taken and fixed in 10% formalin solution. As a result of thymus study in children, it is small in size, pinkish-gray in color, soft consistency, its surface is lobulated. On average, it is from 10 to 18 g. In children, the longitudinal dimensions of the right lobe range from 5.0 ± 8.2 cm (average - 6.6), the left lobe - from 5.2 ± 5.9 cm (average - 5.55). Transverse dimensions of the right lobe range from 1.8 ± 2.7 cm (mean - 2.2), left lobe - from 1.6 ± 3.6 cm ( mean - 2.6). The thickness of the right lobe ranges from 0.8 to 1.4 cm (average 1.1). In children of the second period of childhood, it was found that in the thickness of the cerebral layer there are Hassall's corpuscles of different sizes, blood capillaries, and lymphatic slits. The cellular composition of the cerebral layer is diverse, with large numbers of lymphocytes, larger light-colored epithelial-like and reticular cells, and macrophages. In the cortical zone the cellular composition is mainly lymphoid elements, in some of them mitoses are detected, the cortical zone prevails over the cerebral zone. We have established that there is a direct connection between changes in the thymus gland (morphological structure) from the place of residence in Kyrgyzstan.