Animal geolocation with convolution algorithms in Julia and R via Wahoo.jl

Animal geolocation is the core of movement ecology. In aquatic ecosystems, electronic tagging and tracking technologies, such as passive acoustic telemetry systems and biologging sensors, are widely deployed. However, statistical estimation of individual locations from these datasets can be challenging and computationally expensive. Here, we introduce Wahoo.jl , a Julia package that fits state-space models to animal-tracking data via convolution algorithms. Wahoo.jl supports passive acoustic telemetry (detection/non-detection) and biologging (i.e., depth) datasets; implements grid-based filtering, smoothing and sampling of trajectories; and exploits GPU acceleration. Using simulations, we illustrate how to use Wahoo.jl from Julia and R to reconstruct movements for an example individual tagged with an acoustic transmitter and an archival depth tag. We also provide validation and sensitivity analyses. Wahoo.jl fills a key gap in the animal-tracking toolbox. The package provides an accessible, flexible and performant interface for an inference methodology that reliably handles multimodal inference problems that challenge other approaches. We discuss the approach’s pros and cons and provide guidance to readers on when to reach for Wahoo.jl .