Analysis reveals that lead-free trirelaxors demonstrate high energy storage in the paraelectric state, suggesting superior performance across a broad temperature range.
The development of lead‐free dielectric capacitors capable of reliable operation across extreme temperatures is crucial for next‐generation energy storage technologies. While relaxor ferroelectrics below the Burns temperature ( T B ) have demonstrated promising energy storage characteristics via polar nanoregions (PNRs), their performance typically deteriorates above T B . Surprisingly, a trirelaxor—a state composed of PNRs is reported with three coexisting symmetries (tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral)—that exhibits high energy storage performance in the paraelectric state above T B . In lead‐free Bi(Mg 2/3 Nb 1/3 )O 3 ‐doped Ba(Zr,Ti)O 3 ‐(Ba,Ca)TiO 3 perovskite ceramics, the trirelaxor above T B achieves a remarkable energy storage density of 9.3 J cm −3 and an efficiency of 93%, which is comparable to the performance of other lead‐free dielectrics measured below T B . More importantly, the high energy storage properties of trirelaxor above T B enable the material to exhibit excellent comprehensive energy storage performance over a broad operating temperature range of −90 to 200 °C, which outperforms existing lead‐free perovskite dielectric materials. This work provides new insights into developing desirable energy‐storage dielectrics with high energy storage performance over an extended operating temperature range.
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Yang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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