Demonstration of a handheld controller enhancing directional force feedback in users, indicating potential for immersive applications.
A handheld shear force controller equipped with two roller modules was developed. The roller modules can rotate without angular limitations, making continuous directional force feedback to the palm possible through symmetric and asymmetric rotation, as well as ultralow-frequency vibration. By utilizing these novel features of the controller, its potential to create immersive user experiences was demonstrated through five applications.
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Liu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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