Analysis shows non-trivial zeros cannot exist off the critical line in the Riemann zeta function, suggesting deeper structure.
In this paper, we consider the representation of the Riemann zeta function ζ defined by Abel's summation formula. Using the differential equations, we show that |(1-s)ζ(s) -s̄ζ(1-s̄)| ≠ 0 for any point s in the critical strip except the critical line. This result suggests an asymmetry of (1-s)ζ(s) across the critical strip. This does not contradict the Riemann functional equation but prove that non-trivial zeros cannot lie off the critical line. These results are consistent with the Riemann Hypothesis and suggest that non-trivial zeros lie on the critical line.
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Walid OUKIL (2025) studied this question.
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