The unavailability of high-performance and cost-effective electrocatalysts has impeded the large-scale deployment of alkaline water electrolyzers. Professor Zidong Wei's group has focused on resolving critical challenges in industrial alkaline electrolysis, particularly elucidating hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) mechanisms while addressing the persistent activity-stability trade-off. This review summarizes their decade-long progress in developing advanced electrodes, analyzing the origins of sluggish alkaline HER kinetics and OER stability limitations. Professor Wei proposes a unifying "12345 Principle" as an optimization framework. For HER electrocatalysts, they have identified that metal/metal oxide interfaces create synergistic "chimney effect" and "local electric field enhancement effect", enhancing selective intermediate adsorption, interfacial water enrichment/reorientation, and mass transport under industrial high-polarization conditions. Regarding OER, innovative strategies, including dual-ligand synergistic modulation, lattice oxygen suppression, and self-repairing surface construction, are demonstrated to balance oxygen species adsorption, optimize spin states, and dynamically reinforce metal-oxygen bonds for concurrent activity-stability enhancement. The review concludes by addressing remaining challenges in long-term industrial durability and suggesting future research priorities.
Zhang et al. (Sat,) studied this question.