Role of Self-compassion in the Relationship Between Self-injurious Behaviors and Substance Use Tendency: A Mediation Model

Background: Substance use tendency is considered a risk factor that may increase the likelihood of disruptions in occupational performance, social interactions, and mental well-being, rather than directly causing them. Self-injurious behaviors are among the key predictors of substance use tendency. In recent years, self-compassion has gained attention as a protective factor against high-risk behaviors such as substance misuse. Objectives: The present study aimed to develop a model of substance use tendency based on self-injurious behaviors, and the mediating role of self-compassion. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population included all students at Urmia University during the 2023 - 2024 academic year (n = 13,267). A sample of 350 students was selected using a multistage random sampling method. The instruments used were the Weed and Butcher Substance Use Tendency Questionnaire (1992), Self-harm Inventory (SHI), and Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Data analysis was performed using SPSS v22 and AMOS, employing descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests. Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between self-injurious behaviors and substance use tendency (R = 0.505), along with significant negative relationships between self-compassion and substance use tendency (R = -0.585), and between self-compassion and self-injurious behaviors (R = -0.448). Moreover, the indirect effect of self-injurious behaviors on substance use tendency through self-compassion was significant, indicating that self-compassion partially mediates this relationship (β = -0.27, P < 0.01). The final structural equation model demonstrated acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.086, CFI = 0.90, GFI = 0.90). Conclusions: Self-injurious behaviors are related to increase the tendency toward substance use, both directly and indirectly by reducing self-compassion. Enhancing self-compassion could serve as an effective strategy in preventing substance use tendency among youth.