H(curl)-reconstruction of piecewise polynomial fields with application to $hp$-a posteriori nonconforming error analysis for Maxwell's equations

We devise and analyse a novel H(curl)-reconstruction operator for piecewise polynomial fields on shape-regular simplicial meshes. The (non-polynomial) reconstruction is devised over the mesh vertex patches using the partition of unity induced by hat basis functions in combination with local Helmholtz decompositions. Our main focus is on homogeneous tangential boundary conditions. We prove that the difference between the reconstructed H₀(curl)-field and the original, piecewise polynomial field, measured in the broken curl norm and in the L²-norm, can be bounded in terms of suitable jump norms of the original field. The bounds are always h-optimal, and p-suboptimal by 12-order for the broken curl norm and by 32-order for the L²-norm. An auxiliary result of independent interest is a novel broken-curl, divergence-preserving Poincaré inequality on vertex patches. Moreover, the L²-norm estimate can be improved to 12-order suboptimality under a (reasonable) assumption on the uniform elliptic regularity pickup for a Poisson problem with Neumann conditions over the vertex patches. We also discuss extensions of the H₀(curl)-reconstruction operator to the prescription of mixed boundary conditions, to agglomerated polytopal meshes, and to convex domains. Finally, we showcase an important application of the H(curl)-reconstruction operator to the $hp$-a posteriori nonconforming error analysis of Maxwell's equations. We focus on the (symmetric) interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (dG) approximation of some simplified forms of Maxwell's equations.