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September 29, 2025Open Access

Trends and inequalities in Advice and Guidance versus direct referral in NHS primary care

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Authors

KMK.J. MasonKJKelvin P. JordanJBJames Bailey

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Overview

Observational study examines trends in advice and guidance versus direct referrals, highlighting disparities in population groups.

Key Points

  • Advice and guidance use increased substantially from 0.10% to 1.97% between 2015 and 2023, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • About 671,894 patients had advice and guidance recorded, while 9.7 million had a direct referral during the same time frame.
  • Older, white, and less deprived individuals predominantly utilized advice and guidance, raising concerns about equity.
  • The rise in advice and guidance has not replaced direct referrals; instead, direct referrals often precede advice and guidance.

Cite This Study

Mason et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68da58c9c1728099cfd10830https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.09.25.25336644
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