Unveiling the Systemic Menace of Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature on Pathogenesis of Dissemination

Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially life-threatening form of the disease characterized by the widespread distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis beyond the lungs to multiple organs, such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and peritoneum. Clinical presentation often makes it a diagnostic challenge. Early recognition and treatment are critical, as untreated disseminated TB can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. We report a patient who presented with anorexia, weight loss, and ascites with diagnostic challenges. A series of meticulous imaging studies and endoscopic exploration unraveled the mysteries of disseminated TB.