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September 30, 2025Open Access

Grammars of Formal Uncertainty: When to Trust LLMs in Automated Reasoning Tasks

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Authors

DGDebargha GangulyVSVikash SinghSSSreehari Sankar

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Overview

This paper evaluates LLMs for automated reasoning tasks, revealing critical uncertainty issues in formal verification.

Key Points

  • LLMs show promise in democratizing automated reasoning, but they face a challenge in formal verification due to their probabilistic nature.
  • Systematic evaluation of five LLMs highlights a domain-specific accuracy impact of autoformalization from +34.8% to -44.5% on different tasks.
  • A probabilistic context-free grammar framework models LLM outputs, yielding a refined taxonomy of uncertainty signals across tasks.
  • Selective verification via uncertainty signals can drastically reduce errors in LLM-driven formalization, making it a reliable engineering approach.

Cite This Study

Ganguly et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68dc12c58a7d58c25ebb0a85https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2505.20047
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