Decentralized Fair Exchange with Advertising

Before a fair exchange takes place, there is typically an advertisement phase with the goal of increasing the appeal of possessing a digital asset while keeping it sufficiently hidden. Advertisement phases are implicit in mainstream definitions, and therefore are not explicitly integrated within fair-exchange protocols. In this work we give an explicit definition for such a fair exchange in a setting where parties communicate via broadcast messages only (i.e., no point-to-point connection between seller and buyer is needed). Next, we construct a fair-exchange protocol satisfying our new definition using zk-SNARKs and relying on mainstream decentralized platforms (i.e., a blockchain with smart contracts like Ethereum and a decentralized storage system like IPFS). Experimental results confirm the practical relevance of our decentralized approach, paving the road towards building decentralized marketplaces where users can, even anonymously, and without direct off-chain communications, effectively advertise and exchange their digital assets as part of a system of enhanced NFTs.