Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of 2,4,5-Trichloro-N-phenylbenzamide Derivatives Using Bunium Persicum Extracted MnO2 Catalyst

Abstract A group of derivatives of the 2,4,5-trichloro-N-phenylbenzamides (2a-2h) has been synthesized by following an eco-friendly microwave method in the presence of MgO (MnO₂) encumbered with extracts of Bunium Persicum powder as a green catalyst. The reaction was carried out under mild conditions with good yields (82.55-89.64%) in much shorter reaction times. The natural MnO2 catalyst gave much better results than synthetic catalysts like Pd/C, CuI, Fe₂O₃, DMAP, K₂CO₃, and BF₃·Et₂O. Structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds was done by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS spectroscopies, which confirmed the expected molecular structures. There was a decrease in catalysis over five runs, but the bio-derived MnO₂ nanoparticles still had enough catalytic activity