Residential Load Flow Modeling and Simulation

In recent years, home energy management systems (HEMSs) have emerged as critical components within the concept of smart cities and grids. Within HEMSs, load flow analysis represents one of the fundamental tools for smart grid studies, forming the basis for a wide range of advanced applications, including state estimation, fault diagnosis, and optimal power flow computation. To achieve high levels of load flow accuracy and reliability, HEMSs must incorporate detailed models of all electrical elements found in modern residential units, including appliances, wiring, and energy resources. This paper proposes a load flow solution for smart home networks, featuring detailed models of wiring, appliances, and on-site generation systems. Moreover, a detailed appliance model derived from smart meter data, capable of representing both static-load devices and complex appliances with time-varying consumption profiles, is introduced. Additionally, a measurement-based validation of residential electrical wiring model is presented. The proposed models and calculation procedures have been verified by comparing the simulated results with the literature, yielding a deviation of approximately 0.7%. Analyses of a large-scale network have shown that this approach is up to six times faster compared to state-of-the-art procedures. The developed solution demonstrates practical applicability for use in industry-grade smart power management software.