An Open-Source Rapid Regional Earthquake-Induced Landslides Evaluation Method Using Time-History Analysis

Rapid evaluation of regional earthquake-induced landslides (EQILs) plays a pivotal role in the efficiency of emergency responses following seismic events. Diverging from the traditional EQIL prediction approaches that rely on ground-motion intensity measures (GMIMs), this research introduces an open-source rapid regional EQIL evaluation technique utilizing time-history analysis (THA). This open-source framework integrates the ShakeMap methodology to construct the ground-motion response spectrum for the designated area, followed by the use of a continuous wavelet transform to adjust ground motions from nearby stations and establish the ground-motion field. Subsequently, the THA-based Newmark rigid sliding block (NRSB) method is applied to estimate the landslide probability. This open-access approach ensures transparency, reproducibility, and scalability for practical applications. To demonstrate the utility of this proposed technique, the 2004 Niigata Chuetsu earthquake serves as a case study. The key findings are summarized as follows: (1) The ShakeMap-based approach to generating the ground-motion field effectively provides the seismic input needed for EQIL evaluation. (2) The THA-based evaluation yields results that more closely align with the observed earthquake impacts, in comparison to methods dependent on GMIMs. (3) The proposed open-source method facilitates the acquisition of EQIL evaluation outcomes shortly after an earthquake, offering a valuable and accessible tool for the expeditious assessment of EQILs.