Indonesia’s Shipping Sector Emissions: Tracking Progress Against Climate Commitments

The maritime sector facilitates 80% of global trade but contributes 3% of greenhouse gas emissions. To address climate challenges, Indonesia has enacted laws like Law 16/2016 (Paris Agreement ratification), Law 32/2009 (environmental protection), and Ministerial Decree KM 8/2023 to meet Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets. However, evolving International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, such as MARPOL Annex VI and the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), raise concerns about potential misalignment between national and international standards, risking Port State Control restrictions. This study evaluates whether KM 8/2023 aligns with IMO regulations, identifying gaps that may hinder compliance. Through comparative policy analysis, legal benchmarking, and stakeholder engagement—including the Directorate General of Sea Transportation, shipping companies, and port authorities—it seeks to improve Indonesia’s sustainable maritime transport framework. The findings will highlight key areas for regulatory and operational enhancements, ensuring Indonesia remains competitive while advancing climate goals. By bridging policy gaps, this research supports Indonesia in meeting global standards, strengthening maritime sustainability, and fulfilling its climate commitments.