Role of Physical Rehabilitation in Managing Sleep Disorders in Neurologically Impaired Patients

Sleep disorders are common among individuals with neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy, yet they often receive insufficient attention. Disorders like insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm disruptions negatively affect neuroplasticity, cognitive function, and motor recovery, hindering rehabilitation outcomes and quality of life. Research increasingly shows that physical rehabilitation not only improves physical function but also enhances sleep quality. This review explores how factors such as brain lesions, medications, and behavioral changes contribute to sleep disturbances and, in turn, cognitive and functional decline. It highlights the importance of addressing sleep as part of rehabilitation, especially in children with motor delays or cerebral palsy. Therapeutic interventions ranging from aerobic and resistance training to sensory therapies like massage and warm baths may improve sleep outcomes. Combining pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies appears most promising. The review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols and personalized rehabilitation plans that include sleep management. Early intervention and collaboration with sleep specialists are critical. By addressing sleep, physical therapists can significantly enhance neurological recovery and long-term well-being.