Exploring the Socio-Demographic Profile of Urban Poverty Among the B40 Group in Penang, Malaysia

Urban poverty remains a pressing issue in Penang, Malaysia, particularly for the B40 group, with a monthly income below RM4,850.00. This study explores the socio demographic profile of urban poverty within the B40 group in Penang’s Timur Laut (TL) district. Analysing eKasih data from January 2019 to October 2022, 255 respondents were surveyed. Results indicate that most of Penang’s urban poor are aged 60 to 79, with low education and limited job opportunities. Of the respondents, 51.4% were female and 48.6% were male, mostly with secondary education (1.6% tertiary). Note that employment was predominantly in the private sector. In particular, urban poverty affects households and individuals, with an average household size of one to four people mainly residing in rented accommodation. Furthermore, the primary monthly expenses for the urban poor were food, rent, and utilities. Thus, understanding this socio-demographic profile is crucial for policymakers to develop effective poverty alleviation policies. The findings provide insights into challenges faced by the urban poor in Penang, informing future efforts to address poverty and inequality in the region.