Monitoring and evaluation of regulation on pesticide labelling and packaging leaflets in Brazil: A conceptual model and indicators

This study introduces a conceptual model for selecting and ranking key indicators to monitor and evaluate the outcomes of the current regulation of pesticide and wood preservative labelling and packaging leaflets in Brazil. Utilising a hybrid approach that integrates fuzzy logic with multicriteria decision-making methods (AHP and TOPSIS), the model identifies and ranks 69 key indicators aligned with the regulation’s expected outcomes. This study addresses two critical gaps in the literature: i) the lack of conceptual models to define key indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of regulation on pesticide labels and leaflets at the national level; and ii) the need for a multi-criteria methodological approach combined with fuzzy logic theory to select and rank key indicators to monitor and evaluate the outcomes of pesticide labelling and packaging leaflet regulations. By mapping inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes in a logical model, this study provides a systematic framework for regulatory agencies and stakeholders. These findings underscore the importance of stakeholder collaboration, capacity building, and alignment with international standards. Future research should explore the behavioural impacts of improved labelling and the scalability of this model to other regulatory contexts.