Effectiveness of respiratory exercises and abdominal strength training on pain, abdominal strength, and quality of life in patients following abdominal surgery: A randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgery is a common procedure for treating infections, obstructions, tumors, or inflammatory bowel disease. Postoperative complications can include pain, muscle weakness, incisional hernias, and reduced quality of life (QOL). This study assessed the effects of respiratory exercises and abdominal strength training on pain and QOL in 183 patients (aged 18–65) after open abdominal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: one received respiratory exercises plus abdominal strength training, while the other did only respiratory exercises (3×/week for 4 weeks). Pain (visual analog scale), abdominal strength (pressure biofeedback), and QOL (WHOQOL) were measured at baseline, 15 days, and one month post-surgery. RESULTS: Results showed significant within-group improvements in pain, strength, and QOL ( P < 0.001). However, between-group comparisons found no significant differences in pain or QOL ( P > 0.05), except for greater abdominal strength improvement in the intervention group ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Combining respiratory exercises with abdominal strength training enhances muscle recovery post-surgery but does not significantly reduce pain compared to respiratory exercises alone. Integrating these exercises into rehabilitation may improve strength and overall recovery.