Review article provides diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for adults with non-responsive and refractory celiac disease, indicating essential management steps.
Key Points
Management of adults with celiac disease requires understanding both non-responsive and refractory types.
The primary cause of non-responsive celiac disease is often inadvertent gluten ingestion affecting treatment outcomes.
Utilizing duodenal biopsy for immunophenotyping is crucial in the management of refractory celiac disease.
GIP testing alongside dietitian evaluation is vital for distinguishing gluten exposure from true refractory celiac disease.