Qualitative analysis reveals weak links between sustainability and smart city initiatives among public managers in Bahrain, suggesting room for improvement.
This research explores how sustainability and territorial intelligence are represented and articulated in the discourses of public managers using the under-studied case of Bahrain. To do this, an exploratory and qualitative field study was carried out with 92 Bahraini public managers, in two distinct waves (2018, 2021), following an identical protocol which included individual brainstorming, creation of a collective mental map and semi-structured interviews. The data collected was processed using textual statistics, including typological and factorial analyses. The results reveal a modest presence of the connection between sustainability and smart city in the speeches of public managers. Bahrain is committed to reforming public administration and evolving its development model, relying heavily on digitalization, without clearly integrating a sustainability objective.
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Hernandez et al. (2025) studied this question.
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