This analysis reveals a combinatorial formula for correlation differences in random models, emphasizing potential negative associations.
Let $μ$ be a measure that samples a subset of a finite ground set, and let Aₑ be the event that element e is sampled. The measure $μ$ is negatively correlated if for any pair of elements $e, f$ one has μ(Aₑ ∩ Af) - μ(Aₑ) μ(Af) ≤ 0. A measure is positively correlated if the direction of the inequality is reversed. For the random cluster model on graphs positive correlation between edges is known for q ≥ 1 due to the FKG inequality, while the negative correlation is only conjectured for 0 ≤ q ≤ 1. The main result of this paper is to give a combinatorial formula for the difference in question at $q=1$. Previously, such a formula was known in the uniform spanning tree case, which is a limit of the random cluster model at $q=0$.
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Nguyen et al. (2025) studied this question.
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