This paper reveals gauge transformations for Lorentz invariant equations in multiplets of spin 1/2 particles, indicating implications for quark models and graphene physics.
This paper explores the existence of kinematical gauge transformations for Lorentz invariant equations which describe a multiplet of two spin 1/2 particles. For this multiplet the additional gauge invariance can be in form of three different groups of transformation. This gauge is absent when the particles are treated separately. The existence of this gauge might find applications within the context of the quark model, nuclear matter (which consist of multiplets of protons and neutrons) and graphene physics where Quasi-particles in graphene behave like relativistic particles described by the Dirac equation. Some basic properties of the solutions for these ”multiplet equations” are analyzed.
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Mayer Humi (2025) studied this question.
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