Modification of d-SPE Step of QuEChERS Method by Using Doped Graphene for the Determination of Triazine Pesticides in Arugula Matrix

Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-GN) and nitrogen-doped graphene-coated FexOy (Fe-N-GN) were synthesized through a bottom-up process by a solvothermal method and used as QuEChERS sorbents for the determination of four triazine pesticides in arugula matrix. The dispersive-solid phase extraction step of method was optimized and validated by using high pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, accuracy and precision were investigated in scope of validation. According to the results, N-GN and Fe-N-GN were removed the interferences effectively, and provided satisfactory recoveries (75.92%–108.71%) and RSDs (≤12%). Fe-N-GN was resulted higher recovery values for studied pesticides compared to N-GN. The amount of graphene required to remove interferences is found to be less than the frequently used graphitized carbon black in the QuEChERS method.