Wheel–Road Separation Phenomenon in the Frequency Response of a Half–Car Model

The paper presents the vibration dynamics of a half–car system in the frequency domain, taking into account the tyre–road separation. It focuses on how the car changes between two states: when the tyres are in contact with the road and when they lose contact. The vibration equations were developed to incorporate this change using a special condition known as the "separation condition." This condition was applied to both left and right wheels using indicator functions, which allows for observing the actual frequency response, including the vertical and roll dynamics. The study also examined how different road surfaces and car designs impact the car's motion when tyre separation occurs. The simulation results show that this new model is 16% more accurate than older models when the mass centre is far from the middle. Overall, the research offers valuable insights for designing more effective suspension systems and refining control strategies to prevent rollovers and maintain vehicle stability.