Incidence and trends of cancer in Goa, India: a single center retrospective study

Background: Cancer incidence and mortality are major global health concerns influenced by lifestyle, environment, and healthcare access. This study analyzed cancer trends in Goa, India, and estimates cancer incidence from 2019 to 2024. With India facing a high cancer burden impacting its workforce and healthcare, the study examines the socio-demographic profiles of cancer registry patients, providing insights into regional cancer patterns. Methods: This retrospective study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital analyzed data from the cancer registry over five years (April 2019 to March 2024), including histopathologically confirmed cancers. Demographic data, cancer types, and treatment details were collected. Cancer trends were analyzed by year, gender, and age group using descriptive statistics and time series analysis. Results: Data from 570 cancer cases revealed a crude incidence rate of 39.14 per 100,000. The male-to-female ratio was 1.35:1, with 57.37% males and 42.63% female cases. The highest prevalence was in ages 60-70 (27.4%) and 70-80 (26%). Common cancers were breast (26.85%) and colon (19.09%) cancer. Tiswadi and Bardez regions had the highest cases, contributing 30.53% and 30%, respectively. Conclusions: The study highlighted a rising cancer trend in Goa, with a higher prevalence among older adults and females, particularly for breast, colon, and oral cancers. These findings emphasize the need for enhanced screening programs, early detection, and targeted interventions to mitigate the cancer.