Cardiotoxicity of Oncological Therapies and Their Impact on Renal and Metabolic Function

Introduction: Oncological therapies have significantly improved patient survival, but they are often associated with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic toxicities. These adverse effects compromise treatment continuity, quality of life, and long-term outcomes, requiring careful monitoring and multidisciplinary management. Objective: To review the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies and their impact on renal and metabolic function, highlighting mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, and preventive measures. Methods: A narrative systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2015 and 2025 were included if they addressed cardiotoxicity, renal injury, or metabolic complications associated with oncological treatments. Results and Discussion: Anthracyclines, HER2 inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors are among the most common agents causing cardiovascular dysfunction. Renal impairment and metabolic alterations, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, frequently overlap with cardiotoxicity, amplifying the risk of adverse events. Advances in biomarkers and imaging have enabled earlier detection, while preventive and therapeutic strategies are evolving to reduce long-term morbidity. Conclusion: Cardiotoxicity and its renal and metabolic consequences remain critical challenges in cancer therapy. An integrated approach involving oncology, cardiology, nephrology, and endocrinology is essential to minimize toxicity while preserving the efficacy of treatment.