Antigenotoxic Protective Effect of Vitamin E and of Β-Carotene Evaluated in Female Recyclers Exposed to Contaminants of the Cateura Landfill in Asunción, Paraguay

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antigenotoxic protective effect of Vitamin E and β-carotene in reproductive-age women working as recyclers at the Cateura landfill in Asunción, Paraguay. Theoretical Framework: Previous studies indicate that the mix of contaminants present at the Cateura landfill can cause genotoxic damage. On the other hand, Vitamin E and β-carotene are known for their antioxidant properties and protective effects against DNA damage. Method: The study involved a 4-month treatment with daily supplements of Vitamin E and β-carotene, along with a complementary diet. Genetic material damage levels were assessed at the beginning and end of the treatment using the comet assay and micronucleus test as biomarkers. Results: Following the treatment, a 64% reduction in the percentage of DNA in the comet tail was observed, indicating a significant decrease in DNA damage. Additionally, significant differences in micronucleus frequencies and other cellular abnormalities were noted before and after the treatment. Conclusions: Continuous supplementation with Vitamin E and β-carotene demonstrated a significant genoprotective effect, reducing genetic material damage in occupationally exposed female recyclers. Research Implications: This study contributes to providing evidence on the effectiveness of antioxidants in protecting against genetic damage in highly polluted environments. Originality: The research supports the practical efficacy of Vitamin E and β-carotene under occupational exposure conditions, offering an innovative approach to socio-environmental management and health protection strategies.