Tracing the Genesis of Hybrid Warfare

The literature on hybrid warfare is relatively new as the term was only coined in 2006 and the subject remains open for new findings and research. The combination of tactics used in hybrid warfare differentiates it from the conventional form of warfare and is now being adopted by states as a war-fighting strategy. However, the genesis of methods used in hybrid warfare can be traced back to the historical period. This study examines hybrid warfare by examining its concepts, mechanisms and instruments. It attempts to define hybrid warfare by drawing parallels between historical strategies and contemporary warfare, shedding light on the evolution of hybrid warfare starting from 300 BCE. It identifies IFIs, MNCs, cyberattacks and financial assistance as some of the pivotal instruments of hybrid warfare. The paper also explains the strategies of hybrid warfare being used by India against Pakistan.