This research examines spiritual themes in Bharathiar's poetry with SEB4K and SPB4K theories, indicating new insights into ethical systems and social justice.
This study explores the spiritual elements embedded in the poems of Subramania Bharathiar, a prominent Tamil poet and visionary, through the integrated application of the Sistem Etika Bersepadu 4K (SEB4K) and Sistem Pemikiran Bersepadu 4K (SPB4K) theories. These theories, introduced by Mohd Yusof Hassan, provide a holistic framework that examines ethical systems and integrated thinking across four key dimensions: Creator (Khalik), Self (Kendiri), Social (Kemasyarakatan), and Environment (Kelestarian Alam). The research employs qualitative content analysis to systematically analyze Bharathiar's poems from a spiritual perspective, emphasizing themes such as divine connection, self-awareness, moral integrity, social justice, and harmony with nature. Findings reveal that Bharathiar's poetry transcends literary beauty by offering a profound spiritual blueprint for personal and societal transformation. This article contributes to the understanding of cross-cultural spirituality in literature and demonstrates the relevance of Bharathiar's poetic legacy in promoting ethical and holistic human development.
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Selvam et al. (2025) studied this question.
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