Research demonstrates new spinel ferrites reduce Congo red dye effectively, highlighting their potential as photocatalysts.
Spinel nano-ferrites offer a promising photocatalytic approach for environmental remediation. Employing a combustion method, a new spinel Mn0.5Cd0.5PrxFe2-xO4 (x = 0-5) nano-ferrite as photocatalysts have been developed for the degradation of Congo red dye. P-XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, UV-VIS, VSM and photon-driven catalytic processes for the degradation of Congo red dye have been employed to analyze each of the Mn0.5Cd0.5PrxFe2-xO4 (x = 0-5) nano-ferrites. P-XRD analysis was used to determine the lattice strain and crystallite size of each nano-ferrite sample, revealing the crystallite sizes ranging from 23.11 to 32.84 nm. The total surface areas, densities, bond lengths and hopping lengths of each Pr-sample nanocrystal were also determined and calculated. FTIR analysis revealed two prominent frequency bands at 602 and 425 cm–1, characteristic of spinel ferrites. The particle size and distribution of the nano-ferrites in the Pr-0 to Pr-5 samples were examined using FE-SEM, which showed spherical Pr-Mn-Cd nanoparticles with a tendency to aggregate. The direct allowed bandgap (Eg) values for Pr-0 through Pr-5 were estimated from Tauc plots as 2.66, 2.45, 2.34, 2.22, 2.10 and 1.97 eV, respectively. The variation in bandgap (Eg) values can be attributed to the combined effects of doping and particle size. Magnetic measurements showed a systematic decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms), magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K1), coercivity (Hc) with Pr-substitution.
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Devika et al. (2025) studied this question.
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