Transient Ischemic Attacks in Adolescence: Risk Factor Peculiarities

Introduction. Risk factors for transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in adolescence remain understudied. The aim of the work is to analyze laboratory and instrumental examination results of patients who have had a TIA episode and identify possible risk factors for the development of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective assessment of medical records of 104 children aged 10 to 17 years who had a TIA episode was performed, with analysis and interpretation of laboratory and instrumental parameters. Results and discussion. The results of the study revealed the presence of features and/or anomalies in the structure of the cerebrovascular bed in every third child (35.2 %), heart rhythm and conduction disorders in 28.2 % of patients. Changes in the blood system were demonstrated: 37.4 % of cases of erythrocytosis, which can be considered a sign of hemoconcentration; signs of dyslipidemia (36.5 %) and hyperhomocysteinemia (56.4 %). Analysis of the carriage of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes of the procoagulant and prothrombotic spectrum showed that a total of 64.5% of children were found to be carriers of more than 5 single nucleotide substitutions. In 60.6 % of patients, 3 or more risk factors for TIA were found, which allows us to establish the most probable pathogenetic mechanism of its development, while in 34 patients (32.7 %) 1 and 2 risk factors were found, in 7 patients (6.7 %) they were not found, which requires a more in-depth search and a comprehensive scope of examinations to identify all possible causes and mechanisms of TIA development. Conclusions. Children who have had TIA require a comprehensive laboratory and instrumental examination to verify the causes of the acute vascular event and determine the most probable pathogenetic model of the disease.