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October 2, 2025Angewandte Chemie International Edition2 citationsOpen Access

Si−H Activation via Dynamic Permutational Isomerism: A Ligand‐Directed Route to Dehydrogenative Coupling

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MKManuel KümperFWFranz F. WestermairTGTobias Götz

Key Points

  • Dynamic permutational isomerism is crucial for Si─H activation and hydrogen release.
  • Sterically tailored diaminohydridosilanes enable selective Si─O coupling with efficient H2 elimination.
  • Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy alongside quantum calculations reveals equilibrium in hydride configurations.
  • Findings emphasize ligand-directed isomerism as a design principle for advanced Si─H activation systems.

Abstract

Abstract Dehydrogenative coupling (DHC) of hydridosilanes with silanols under metal‐free conditions provides a sustainable route to Si─O bond formation. Yet, the mechanistic origin of hydrogen release in such systems has remained unclear. Here, we show that dynamic permutational isomerism of pentacoordinate silicon intermediates is a key prerequisite for Si─H activation and H 2 release. Using sterically tailored diaminohydridosilanes, we demonstrate that only ligands enabling access to axial hydride configurations facilitate Si─O coupling with productive H 2 elimination. In contrast, N– tert ‐butyl substitution locks the hydride in the equatorial position and diverts reactivity toward Si─N bond cleavage. Multinuclear variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy, combined with quantum chemical calculations, reveals an equilibrium between equatorial and axial hydride configurations, enabling Berry pseudorotation and hydrogen evolution. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for H 2 release in hydridosilicates and establish ligand‐directed isomerism as a general design principle for selective, metal‐free Si─H activation.

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Cite This Study

Kümper et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68de79715b556a9128e1b028https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202517017
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