The development of domestic criminal legislation on liability for illicit trafficking in alcoholic beverages in the XI–XVIII centuries

The article presents a study of the domestic legislation of the XI–XVIII centuries, aimed at criminal law counteraction to illicit trafficking in alcoholic beverages. The relevance of the study is due to the significant number of illegal alcoholic and alcohol-containing products on the modern Russian market. Studying the historical experience of the formation of criminal legislation providing for responsibility for these acts makes it possible to identify patterns in the development of legal norms and identify the most effective criminal law mechanisms for countering such crimes. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the formation and development of Russian legislation on combating illegal production and trafficking of alcoholic beverages, as well as identifying patterns and features of this process. The subject of the study is the criminal law norms providing for liability for acts that infringe on the legal turnover of alcoholic beverages. The research methodology is represented by a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition. The following general scientific methods of cognition are used: system-structural analysis, logical analysis of texts and judgments. The historical and legal method was used as a private scientific method, which made it possible to analyze the development of Russian criminal legislation aimed at protecting the legally established procedure for the production and turnover of alcoholic beverages. The scientific novelty of the research is expressed in a comprehensive analysis of the Russian legislation of the XI–XVIII centuries, aimed at countering the illicit trafficking of alcoholic beverages. The article presents a detailed analysis of the development of criminal law norms providing for liability for the illegal production and trafficking of alcoholic beverages in Russia and in Russia from ancient times to the beginning of the XVIII century. The main focus is on the evolution of legislation in the field of combating illicit trafficking in alcoholic beverages, dubbed "korchemstvo". The paper examines in detail the first mentions of punishments for illegal alcohol trafficking in the Pskov judicial charter, the development of standards of responsibility in the era of Ivan III and Ivan IV. A special place in the study is occupied by the analysis of the punishment system for drunkenness. Special attention is paid to the reign of Peter I. The author notes that the issues of criminal law counteraction to illicit trafficking in alcoholic beverages are inextricably linked with the state policy on alcohol trafficking. Excessive restrictions on alcohol turnover imposed by the State have led to an increase in the share of the grey alcohol market and an increase in corruption in this sector.