Microvascular Bed Characteristics in a Child With Severe Uncontrolled Bronchial Asthma: A Case Report and Literature Review

As per available data, pediatric bronchial asthma (BA) is classified into four categories: atopic/allergic (80.2%), unspecified (17.4%), mixed (2.1%), and non-allergic/non-atopic BA (0.3%). The burden of BA is considered a significant public health concern due to its high disability rate, which leads to a reduced quality of life and considerable economic losses for society. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of pediatric BA are key public health priorities. In the era of evidence-based medicine, employing new diagnostic methods and identifying markers for disease development and prognosis are essential. One method used in diagnosing allergic diseases is nailfold capillaroscopy, which serves as a valuable additional criterion. This article presents a case of severe BA in a 12-year-old child. Due to poor compliance with treatment and the onset of status asthmaticus, nailfold capillaroscopy was performed in the intensive care unit to examine microcirculatory and hemodynamic changes associated with severe atopic BA. A comprehensive diagnostic approach and appropriate treatment led to significant improvement in the patient's condition.