Virtual and digital twins are means of high value to characterize, model and control physical systems, providing the basis for a simulation environment and lab. In the case of a digital twin, it is possible to have a replica of a physical environment by means of reliable sensor networks and accurate data. In this paper we analyse in detail the threats to the reliability of the information extracted from these sensor networks, along with a set of challenges to guarantee data liveness and trustworthiness.
Suárez et al. (2025) studied this question.