Comparative Economic Analysis of Rainbow Trout Aquaculture Systems Considering Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Global warming, driven by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is accelerating globally and highlights the need for effective mitigation strategies. This study assesses the economic feasibility of rainbow trout aquaculture by incorporating GHG emissions into its analysis, thereby contributing to mitigation efforts in the fisheries sector. Focusing on two farming systems—recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and flow-through systems (FTS)—we estimated GHG emissions and conducted an economic evaluation using data collected through field surveys. The average GHG emission was 7.14 kg CO2 eq per kilogram of trout produced, with RAS showing lower emissions than FTS. Electricity and feed were identified as the primary emission sources. The economic analysis revealed an average net present value (NPV) of USD 987,609 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 18%, with RAS outperforming FTS in profitability. A sensitivity analysis under carbon pricing showed that economic feasibility was maintained, but the NPV declined by about 24% under the carbon tax scenario. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of balancing profitability and emission reduction for sustainable aquaculture management.