Effects of vascular stenosis on hemodynamics during vascular robot intervention diagnosis and treatment

Current hemodynamic studies on vascular stenosis conditions are mostly limited to cases without interventional devices or where the devices remain stationary. To address this limitation, a bidirectional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method was employed to theoretically evaluate the blood flow characteristics in vessels with varying stenosis rates and spacing distances, accounting for the coupling between blood flow and vascular deformation. In parallel, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to experimentally assess the pulsatile flow field within a tube containing the developed vascular interventional robot. The results indicate that under pulsatile blood flow, significant differences arise in the hemodynamic parameters of vessels with different degrees of stenosis. As the stenosis rate increases, key parameters such as blood flow velocity, blood pressure, and vascular wall shear stress (WSS) also increase. In vessels with two stenotic regions, the influence of the spacing distance between them on hemodynamic parameters becomes more pronounced with higher stenosis rates. Moreover, the spatial distribution and magnitude of the numerical simulation results closely match those obtained from experimental measurements, validating the accuracy and reliability of the computational method.