Forage Utilization in a Mixed-Coniferous Forest of Northeastern Oregon

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship of the overstory crown covet to livestock utilization in the mixed-coniferous forest and how this relationship was modified by the intensity of management on the Hall Ranch of the Eastern Oregon Experiment Station, located on Catherine Creek about ten miles southeast of Union. Use estimates were made using a five-class system on macroplots and stands where tree crown cover had previously been estimated. The degree of livestock utilization was found to be inversely related to overstory crown closure. As the intensity of management increased over time on the Hall Ranch, livestock utilization improved in the densely forested areas, but the degree of utilization was still related to the amount of overstory crown closure. Changes in management that resulted in improved use of the mixed-coniferous forest were: (1) Facilitating actions of adequate fencing and water development. (2) Use of younger animals in those areas. (3) Good salting and riding practices. (4) Earlier grazing of these areas to obtain better use of pinegrass and associated high value leguminous forbs.