Abstract Free radical chemistry including free radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) has received a great deal of attention for cancer treatment due to their ability to produce excessive free radicals, leading to cancer cell death. In this study, we developed M1 macrophage membrane-coated MnO₂-silica loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and a nitric oxide (NO) donor (M1@MS/MnO₂/DOX/NO) to enhance therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Specifically, superoxide anion O₂•− produced from DOX reacted with NO to form ONOO − for RNS-mediated treatment. Meanwhile, Mn²⁺ produced from the MnO₂ layer under a reductive microenvironment functioned as a catalyst to transform endogenous H₂O₂ into the highly toxic ·OH to achieve ROS-mediated treatment. Our results demonstrated that this novel combination of reactive species therapy synergistically improved the therapeutic efficiency against liver cancer, leading to a significant reduction of cancer cell proliferation, as well as in vivo tumor growth.
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Wang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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