Perspectivization of Narrative Information in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea Through Manfred Jahn’s Constructivist Model

Focalization techniques cover those styles that are designed to present inside and outside views as adopted by the narrator or characters’ perspectives. Sometimes the narrator fills the role of a primary focalizer, and other times, the characters do this as central reflectors. Both existents engage in an online or offline perception. They expose their mindsets in static or dynamic phases during the course of the events and actions in a literary work. In Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, the narrator/character’s cognitive focalization helps readers understand the on-going mentation. The findings show that there are detailed and rich narratorial and figural representation of mentation. Such perspectivized narrative information, on the part of the narrator, is constant, though rendered via a variety of stylistic means such as the employment of ‘free indirect discourse’, ‘comment passages’ and ‘narratorial mediation’. The text under analysis also shows the prioritization of the ocularization sensory in forms of heterodiegetic and homodiegetic narration. Key terms: perspectivization, focalization, mindset, mentation, heterodiegetic, homodiegetic, narratorial focalization